ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

Which condition is characterized by a combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteopenia in adolescent females?

1. Anorexia nervosa

2. Bulimia nervosa

3. Generalized anxiety disorder

4. Binge eating disorder

The correct answer is: Anorexia nervosa

The condition characterized by disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteopenia in adolescent females is anorexia nervosa. This eating disorder involves a significant restriction of calorie intake and an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to severe weight loss. In adolescent females, the physiological consequences of anorexia can include amenorrhea, which is the cessation of menstruation. This occurs due to the body’s adaptive response to severe calorie restriction and low body fat, which significantly affects hormonal balance. The lack of essential nutrients and energy can also lead to osteopenia, a condition whereby bone mineral density is lower than normal, increasing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis later in life. The emphasis on the combination of disordered eating with amenorrhea and osteopenia specifically points toward anorexia nervosa rather than other eating disorders or psychological conditions. While bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder involve disordered eating patterns, they do not typically cause amenorrhea or osteopenia to the same extent, primarily because individuals with these disorders may not sustain the prolonged energy deficits seen in anorexia. Generalized anxiety disorder, while it can co-occur with eating disorders, is not characterized by the specific physiological issues related to the menstrual cycle and bone density.