ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

Which complication is associated with untreated pyloric stenosis?

1. Dehydration

2. Intestinal ischemia

3. Colonic perforation

4. Gastroesophageal reflux

The correct answer is: Dehydration

In the context of untreated pyloric stenosis, dehydration is a well-recognized complication. Pyloric stenosis is a condition where the pylorus, the opening from the stomach into the small intestine, becomes narrowed, which obstructs the normal passage of food. As a result, infants with this condition frequently experience forceful vomiting after feeding, leading to significant fluid loss. Because of this ongoing vomiting and the inability to retain and absorb nutrients and fluids, dehydration can rapidly ensue. Dehydration in infants can manifest through various symptoms, including dry mouth, reduced urine output, lethargy, and decreased skin turgor. Left untreated, dehydration can lead to severe electrolyte imbalances and decrease the infant’s overall health, making prompt recognition and treatment crucial. While intestinal ischemia, colonic perforation, and gastroesophageal reflux are serious medical issues, they are not directly associated with untreated pyloric stenosis in the same way that dehydration is. Intestinal ischemia is more commonly related to blood flow issues, colonic perforation is typically associated with conditions affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract, and gastroesophageal reflux while common, is not a direct result of pyloric stenosis. Therefore, the most direct complication arising from untreated pyl